植酸酶对肉鸡生长及磷利用率的影响

在饲料中降低无机磷用量,添加不同的比例黑曲霉植酸酶,以确定其对鸡的作用效果。结果表明,在０￣３周龄肉鸡饲料中添加质量分数为０．０５％和０．１０％的植酸酶后,无机磷的添加量从对照组的１．３８％降到处理组的１．０６％;添加同样比例的植酸酶,４￣７周龄肉鸡饲料中的无机磷添加量从对照组的１．１４％降到处理组的０．８３％和０．５２％。添加植酸酶,降低无机磷用量后对肉鸡的增重无显著影响。肉鸡血清中无机磷的含量     

日粮色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡血浆色氨酸浓度和日增重的影响

在基础日粮基础上，研究了色氨酸（Ｔｒｙｐｔｏｐｈａｎ，Ｔｒｐ）不同添加水平对７～８周龄ＡＡ公肉仔鸡血浆Ｔｒｐ浓度和平均日增重的影响．结果表明，在一定范围内，血浆游离Ｔｒｐ浓度和平均日增重均与日粮Ｔｒｐ水平至二次抛物线关系，其中血浆Ｔｒｐ浓度与日粮Ｔｒｐ水平是显著相关（Ｐ＞０．０５），而平均日增重不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据实验结果推荐，当日粮粗蛋白为１８．７７％时，７～８周龄公肉仔鸡日粮Ｔｒｐ的适宜水平为０．１６％。     

补偿性生长条件对肉鸡胸肉、腿肉重量及肠道重量与长度的影响

研究了补偿性生长条件（孵化后第1，2，3周投喂蛋白质水平为22％，20％，18％以及16％的日粮）对肉鸡胸肉、腿肉重量及肠道长度和重量的影响。在前3周的任何一周限饲低蛋白质日粮，提高腿肉20－40g，胸肉10－19g，特别是在第2，3周投喂蛋白质18％－16％的日粮时增产幅度大于第1周，并且有增加肠道的重量和长度的趋势。结果表明，早期限饲低蛋白质日粮还有增加胸肉和腿肉重量的效果，该效果在在第2，3周供给18％－16％蛋白质日粮时差异显著。     

珍禽贵妃鸡与隐性白羽鸡杂交后代的生长性状及肉质品质研究

[目的]获得抗病力强、肉质好、生长速度快的贵妃鸡.[方法]以隐性白羽鸡为母本、贵妃鸡为父本进行杂交,选育杂交后代后再以回交方法固定目标性状的方法培育至杂交F3代,并比较杂交F3代与贵妃鸡的生长性状(体重、屠宰性状)和肉质品质指标,探讨杂交F3代的生长发育规律.[结果]贵妃鸡与隐性白羽鸡的杂交后代在生长速度上有明显优于贵妃鸡的特点,同时保持着贵妃鸡肉质优的特点.[结论]该研究对广东省肉鸡品种结构和生产结构的调整具有重要意义.     

集约化养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶特点研究

为了给北京地区不同类型养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶的危害评价提供基础数据,对蛋鸡和肉鸡两种养殖方式下,鸡舍内外空气环境中生物气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布进行检测,并对大肠菌群和抗生素抗性菌进行了分析。结果表明,北京郊区(县)蛋鸡舍内,所调查的五种生物气溶胶(细菌、真菌、大肠菌群、四环素和红霉素抗性菌)浓度高于同地区肉鸡舍(P<0.05)。蛋鸡舍内空气中约50%的细菌气溶胶分别具有四环素和红霉素抗性;大肠菌群、四环素抗性大肠菌群和红霉素抗性大肠菌群的平均浓度分别为7.32×103、2.87×103CFU·m-3和3.31×103CFU·m-3。两种养殖方式下细菌和真菌气溶胶粒径分布规律有所差异,导致其在细颗粒物中所占比例不同。     

Effects of in ovo injection of chrysin,quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability,somatic attributes,hepatic oxidative status and early post‐hatch performance of broiler chicks

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of chrysin, quercetin and ascorbic acid on hatchability, somatic attributes, hepatic antioxidant status and early post‐hatch growth performance of broiler chicks. Four hundred and eighty embryonated broiler breeder eggs containing live 18‐day‐old embryos were divided into six groups of 80 eggs each. One group remained intact and served as a control group (i), whereas the other five groups were injected with the prepared injection solutions as follows: (ii) 0.05 ml distilled water; (iii) 0.05 ml distilled water containing 6 mg ascorbic acid; (iv) 0.05 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (v) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg quercetin; and (vi) 0.05 ml DMSO containing 4.5 mg chrysin. The hatchability rate, hatching weight, residual yolk sac weight, yolk sac‐free body weight, liver weight, hepatic glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities, as well as malondialdehyde concentrations, were not affected by the injected solutions. There were no differences between chicks hatched from the control and in ovo injected eggs in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio from 0 to 11 days of age. However, the specific contrast performed between the in ovo injected groups and intact eggs revealed that in ovo injection significantly increased hatchability rate (p = .0493). This finding also implies that our injection procedure was harmless. In conclusion, the intra‐egg injection of chrysin, quercetin or ascorbic acid at the injection rates used in this study did not have a significant effect on hatchability, somatic characteristics, early growth performance and hepatic antioxidant status of broiler chicks. However, the overall hatchability was higher in the in ovo injected eggs as compared to non‐injected ones. These findings also confirmed the harmlessness of the procedure developed for in ovo injection in this study.     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers

Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and many plant essential oils have shown that they have positive effects on broilers nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of orally administered different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. A total of eighty 28‐day‐old (1.28 ± 0.15 kg) ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated to four groups of 20 replicates each, with one chicken per replicate per cage, and all were fed with the same diet. Four experimental groups were orally administered 0, 200, 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils at 18:00 hr every day during the 2‐week experimental period. As a result of which, the gene expression of the occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐5, ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 in intestinal mucosa of small intestine (p < 0.05) and the goblet cell content in small intestine epithelium (p < 0.05) were significantly increased; test subjects with 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils reduced the microbial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the intestines (p < 0.05); Essential oils administration also significantly increased activity of the sucrase (p < 0.05) and lactase (p < 0.05) in intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, the carvacrol essential oils have positive effects on growth performance and intestinal barriers function of broilers; those effects may be related to the dosage, as administration of 300 or 400 μl was more effective than that of 200 μl.     

甜菜碱对热应激肉鸡生长性能、十二指肠消化酶活性及盲肠微生物区系的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同剂量的甜菜碱研究其对热应激肉鸡生长性能、十二指肠消化酶活性及盲肠微生物区系的影响。选取270只14日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分成6组:常温组、热应激组,常温+0.1%甜菜碱组、热应激+0.1%甜菜碱组、热应激+0.2%甜菜碱、热应激+0.4%甜菜碱组。热应激肉鸡饲养在(32±1)℃的高温环境中。每组3个重复,每个重复15只。预试期7 d,正试期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加甜菜碱可极显著增加28~42日龄热应激肉鸡的体重(P<0.01),极显著降低22~35日龄肉鸡料重比(P<0.01);2)除添加0.1%和0.2%甜菜碱饲粮对28日龄热应激肉鸡胰蛋白酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)和添加0.1%甜菜碱对35日龄热应激肉鸡淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)外,不同浓度的甜菜碱均能显著或极显著增加28、35、42日龄热应激肉鸡十二指肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶活性(P<0.05或P<0.01);3)饲粮添加甜菜碱极显著提高了28、35、42日龄热应激肉鸡盲肠内乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.01),极显著降低了产气荚膜梭菌的数量(P<0.01)。由此可见,热应激状态下,在基础饲粮中添加甜菜碱可改善AA肉鸡生长性能,提高十二指肠消化酶的活性,维持盲肠内微生物区系平衡,从而减轻热应激对肉鸡的危害。     

亚硒酸钠在肉鸡体内药代动力学的研究

实验研究了30日龄肉鸡单次肌注(0.6mg/Kg)亚硒酸钠注射液后不同时间采血,用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定血硒浓度,经微机处理得出血硒浓度及药动学参数,血硒浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=100.2001(e-0.0197t-e-1.6428t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为0.421 9h,t1/2Ke为35.121 5h,tp为3.312 4h,Cmax为93.986 5μg/L,AUC为5 025.314 9(μg/L).h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。